Journal
FARADAY DISCUSSIONS
Volume 201, Issue -, Pages 337-350Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00110j
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Funding
- Inorganometallic Catalysis Design Center
- Energy Frontier Research Center - U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DE-SC0012702]
- Ministry of Economy and Knowledge from the Catalan Government [BP-DGR 2014]
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We explore the dynamic structure and reactivity of Cu species supported on NU-1000. By combining pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and difference envelope density (DED) analysis of in situ synchrotron-based X-ray scattering data, we simultaneously probe the local structure of supported Cu-species, their distribution within NU-1000 and distortions of the NU-1000 lattice under conditions relevant to catalysis and catalyst activation. These analyses show that atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Cu in NU-1000 (Cu-AIM) leads to the formation of Cu-oxo clusters within the small pores that connect the triangular and hexagonal channels. Exposure of Cu-AIM to a reducing atmosphere at 200 degrees C produces metallic Cu-0 of two distinct particle sizes: similar to 4 nm nanoparticles and small sub-nanometer clusters. The size of these nanoparticles appears to be constrained by NU-1000 pore dimensions, with evidence of the sub-nanometer clusters being bound within the triangular channels flanked by pyrene rings. This supported Cu-0-NU-1000 system is catalytically active for gas-phase ethylene hydrogenation. Exposure of the catalyst to oxidative atmosphere re-oxidises the Cu species to a Cu2O cuprite phase. The dynamic restructuring of the system in different chemical environments underscores the importance of probing these systems in situ.
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