Journal
JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 964-976Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1907575
Keywords
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors; synaptic potentials; anoxic depolarisation; cerebral ischaemia; middle cerebral artery occlusion
Funding
- Italian Ministry for University and Research (MIUR) [PRIN 2017XYBP2R]
- University of Florence
- National Institute of Health
- Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze [CRF18]
- Aboca
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The study found that CA inhibitors significantly delayed anoxic depolarization and sub-chronic systemic treatment with AN11-740 and ACTZ reduced neurological deficits and infarct volume in an animal model of cerebral ischemia. The CAIs also counteracted neuronal loss, reduced microglia activation, and partially counteracted astrocyte degeneration, providing protection from functional and tissue damage.
Ischaemic stroke is a leading cause of death and disability. One of the major pathogenic mechanisms after ischaemia includes the switch to the glycolytic pathway, leading to tissue acidification. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) contributes to pH regulation. A new generation of CA inhibitors, AN11-740 and AN6-277 and the reference compound acetazolamide (ACTZ) were investigated in two models of brain ischaemia: in rat hippocampal acute slices exposed to severe oxygen, glucose deprivation (OGD) and in an in vivo model of focal cerebral ischaemia induced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (pMCAo) in the rat. In vitro, the application of selective CAIs significantly delayed the appearance of anoxic depolarisation induced by OGD. In vivo, sub-chronic systemic treatment with AN11-740 and ACTZ significantly reduced the neurological deficit and decreased the infarct volume after pMCAo. CAIs counteracted neuronal loss, reduced microglia activation and partially counteracted astrocytes degeneration inducing protection from functional and tissue damage.
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