4.2 Review

Advances in Facemasks during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

Journal

ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS
Volume 4, Issue 5, Pages 3891-3908

Publisher

AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01329

Keywords

COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; virus; facemasks

Funding

  1. Institute for Basic Science [IBS-R020-D1]
  2. Ministry of Science & ICT (MSIT), Republic of Korea [IBS-R020-D1-2021-A00] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in daily lives, with technologies and materials playing a role in reducing infection spread. Facemasks are a reliable preventive measure but may pose a risk of cross-infection due to lack of virucidal properties after use.
The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has transformed the daily lifestyles of people worldwide. COVID-19 was characterized as a pandemic owing to its global spread, and technologies based on engineered materials that help to reduce the spread of infections have been reported. Nanotechnology present in materials with enhanced physicochemical properties and versatile chemical functionalization offer numerous ways to combat the disease. Facemasks are a reliable preventive measure, although they are not 100% effective against viral infections. Nonwoven materials, which are the key components of masks, act as barriers to the virus through filtration. However, there is a high chance of cross-infection because the used mask lacks virucidal properties and can become an additional source of infection. The combination of antiviral and filtration properties enhances the durability and reliability of masks, thereby reducing the likelihood of cross-infection. In this review, we focus on masks, from the manufacturing stage to practical applications, and their abilities to combat COVID-19. Herein, we discuss the impacts of masks on the environment, while considering safe industrial production in the future. Furthermore, we discuss available options for future research directions that do not negatively impact the environment.

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