Journal
EXPERT REVIEW OF NEUROTHERAPEUTICS
Volume 18, Issue 2, Pages 139-152Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2018.1407242
Keywords
Mood disorders; major depressive disorder; bipolar disorder; inflammation; neuroinflammation; cytokines; anti-inflammatory drugs; immunomodulation
Categories
Funding
- NIH [R01NS073939, R01CA193522, R21MH104694]
- NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE [R01CA193522] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH [R21MH104694] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE [R01NS073939] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
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Introduction: Inflammation seems to play a role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). In the last years several studies have shown increased levels of inflammatory and/or immune markers in patients with mood disorders. Accordingly, the immune system has become a target of interest for the development of biomarkers and therapeutics for mood disorders. Areas covered: Here, we review the evidence showing low-grade inflammation in mood disorders and the studies evaluating immune-based strategies for the treatment of these conditions. Expert commentary: Clinical trials with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, polyunsaturated acids, N-acetylcysteine, anti-cytokines, physical activity and probiotics have provided promising results in terms of antidepressant efficacy in patients with MDD and BD. Regarding stem cells, only studies with animal models have been performed so far with interesting pre-clinical results. Due to the preliminary nature of the results, most of the clinical studies need to be replicated and/or confirmed in larger clinical settings, embracing the highly heterogeneous pathophysiology of mood disorders.
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