4.1 Article

Impact of emollient therapy for preterm infants in the neonatal period on child neurodevelopment in Bangladesh: an observational cohort study

Journal

Publisher

BMC
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-021-00248-9

Keywords

Emollient; Neurodevelopment; Preterm; Follow-up; Newborn; Neonatal

Funding

  1. Thrasher Research Fund
  2. Office of Health, Infectious Diseases and Nutrition, Global Health Bureau, United States Agency for International Development (USAID) [HRN-A-00-96-90006-00]
  3. Save the Children/USA from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
  4. Society for Pediatric Dermatology

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The study found that emollient massage with sunflower seed oil or Aquaphor reduced neurodevelopmental delays in very preterm, hospitalized newborn infants over the first two years of follow-up. Infants receiving sunflower seed oil showed a significant protective effect on fine motor skills, while those in the Aquaphor group had lower disability rates in psychomotor development compared to the control group. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Background: Topical treatment with sunflower seed oil (SSO) or Aquaphor (R) reduced sepsis and neonatal mortality in hospitalized preterm infants <33 weeks' gestational age in Bangladesh. We sought to determine whether the emollient treatments improved neurodevelopmental outcomes during early childhood. Methods: 497 infants were randomized to receive SSO, Aquaphor (R), or neither through the neonatal period or hospital discharge. 159 infant survivors were enrolled in the longitudinal follow-up study using a validated Rapid Neurodevelopmental Assessment tool and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II (BSID II) administered at three-monthly intervals for the first year and thereafter at six-monthly intervals. Lowess smoothing was used to display neurodevelopmental status across multiple domains by age and treatment group, and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to compare treatment groups across age points. Results: 123 children completed at least one follow-up visit. Lowess graphs suggest that lower proportions of children who received massage with either SSO or Aquaphor (R) had neurodevelopmental delays than control infants in a composite outcome of disabilities. In GEE analysis, infants receiving SSO showed a significant protective effect on the development of fine motor skills [odds ratio (OR) 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.86-0.98, p=0.006]. The Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) in the BSID II showed significantly lower disability rates in the Aquaphor group (23.6%) compared to the control (55.2%) (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.06-0.72, p=0.004). Conclusions: Emollient massage of very preterm, hospitalized newborn infants improved some child neurodevelopmental outcomes over the first 2 years of follow-up. Findings warrant further confirmatory research.

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