Journal
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
Volume 39, Issue 11, Pages 3531-3538Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/JLT.2021.3065649
Keywords
Optical fiber amplifiers; Optical fiber polarization; Coatings; Ions; Fiber lasers; Optical fiber networks; Gain; Fiber amplifier; fiber annealing; fiber coating; fiber design and fabrication; fiber laser
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan (MOST) [108-2221-E-005069-MY3, 109-2221-E-005-075]
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In this study, a 11-dB net gain was achieved in a 34-cm fiber length using precise laser-heated pedestal growth and tetrahedral chromium optimization. The significant improvement in net gain in the fiber was directly attributed to Cr4+ optimization. The development of this technology is crucial for practical applications in next-generation broadband fiber amplifier systems.
We demonstrate a record net gain of 11-dB in a 34-cm fiber length for 300-nm broadband single-mode Cr-doped crystalline core fibers (CCFs) fabricated by precise laser-heated pedestal growth (LHPG) and tetrahedral chromium (Cr4+) optimization. The core composition of the CCF is a Cr4+-doped: yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). The record gain achieved is mainly due to (1) precise LHPG of the CCFs to fabricate a longer fiber length of 34-cm employing a novel predictive control to constantly maintain conical molten-zone shape in the growth process and (2) the Cr4+ concentration optimization up to 150% utilizing thicker dielectric coating and thermal annealing and then the Cr4+ optimization by polarization pumping. The net gains of 6.4 and 11-dB are measured with and without Cr4+ optimization, respectively. The 72% of net gain improvement is directly related to Cr4+ optimization in the CCFs, as evidenced by SQUID and EPMA measurements, whereas the optimized thicker coating of the Cr4+ concentration provided the dominant net gain improvement of 33% in the CCFs. The development of the CCF is essential for practical use in the next-generation broadband fiber amplifier applications.
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