Functionalized gold-nanoparticles enhance photosystem II driven photocurrent in a hybrid nano-bio-photoelectrochemical cell

The use of photosystem II (PSII) in hybrid bio-photoelectrochemical cells for conversion of solar energy to electrical current is hampered by PSII's narrow absorption cross-section and the generally poor electrical connection between isolated complex and different anode materials. Here, we merge isolated market-grade spinach PSII with 25 nm cystamine-2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (cys-DCBQ) modified Au-nanoparticles (PSII-AuNPCys-DCBQ) to obtain one of the highest reported photocurrent values to date (35 mA cm(-2) mg(-1) chlorophyll), retaining the native oxygen evolution properties of PSII. More than 80% of the PSII in solution assembles stably onto the AuNPCys-DCBQ. Spectroscopic studies show strong functional association in these hybrid particles. Mechanistic investigations reveal a dual role of the quinone-modified AuNPs, harvesting and transference of the excitation energy to PSII (resulting in similar to 10-fold enhancement of anodic photocurrent in the 500-550 nm irradiation range) and simultaneously improving the electron transfer from PSII into the graphite anode (by almost 6-fold over the entire visible range of light).

Automated summary

The combination of market-grade spinach PSII with gold nanoparticles modified with cystamine-2,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (PSII-AuNPCys-DCBQ) results in high photocurrent values and stability, showing enhanced performance of PSII in converting solar energy to electrical current. The quinone-modified gold nanoparticles play a dual role in harvesting and transferring excitation energy to PSII, as well as improving electron transfer to the graphite anode, leading to significant enhancement in anodic photocurrent.