The research progress in secondary eyewall formation and eyewall replacement cycle of typhoon

Concentric eyewalls of typhoon are forced by large-scale environmental fields (such as vertical wind shear and high-altitude troughs/jets, etc.), air-sea interactions, and thermal dynamic processes inside the vortices. The formation and evolution of concentric eyewalls have always been a hot and difficult topic in typhoon research. Although many researchers have proposed some potential mechanisms of typhoon secondary eyewall formation and eyewall replacement cycle, no consensus has been reached. Notable disagreements remain regarding the relative contribution of balanced and unbalanced, symmetric and asymmetric processes to the formation of secondary eyewall, and the effects of supergradient wind in the boundary layer. This article focuses on the development status and latest research progress of the statistical characteristics, formation and evolution mechanisms of typhoon secondary eyewall at home and abroad over the past ten years. Besides, the problems and development directions that need to be further resolved in the future are discussed and analyzed to provide useful reference for the development of typhoon secondary research.

Automated summary

This article discusses the formation and evolution mechanisms of typhoon secondary eyewall, reviews the research progress in this area over the past decade, focuses on the statistical characteristics of domestic and foreign research, and discusses the problems and development directions that need to be addressed in the future.