Journal
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 3, Issue 2, Pages -Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab028
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; amyloid-beta peptide; long-lived peptide; isomerization; mass spectrometry
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Funding
- National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Dementia Leadership Fellowship [APP1138673]
- NHMRC project [APP1164692]
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation (ADDF)
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Plaques in Alzheimer's disease brains accumulate due to decreased clearance of amyloid-beta peptides which undergo extensive isomerization, particularly at the Asp-1 and Asp-7 residues. Isomerization significantly alters the structure of the peptide, affecting its degradation, oligomer assembly, and the binding of therapeutic antibodies. The accumulation of extensively isomerized amyloid-beta is correlated with the presence of aggregation-prone amyloid-beta(42) in Alzheimer's disease brains.
Plaques that characterize Alzheimer's disease accumulate over 20 years as a result of decreased clearance of amyloid-beta peptides. Such long-lived peptides are subjected to multiple post-translational modifications, in particular isomerization. Using liquid chromatography ion mobility separations mass spectrometry, we characterized the most common isomerized amyloid-beta peptides present in the temporal cortex of sporadic Alzheimer's disease brains. Quantitative assessment of amyloid-beta N-terminus revealed that > 80% of aspartates (Asp-1 and Asp-7) in the N-terminus was isomerized, making isomerization the most dominant posttranslational modification of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease brain. Total amyloid-beta(1-15) was similar to 85% isomerized at Asp-1 and/or Asp-7 residues, with only 15% unmodified amyloid-beta(1-15) left in Alzheimer's disease. While amyloid-beta(4-15) the next most abundant N-terminus found in Alzheimer's disease brain, was only similar to 50% isomerized at Asp-7 in Alzheimer's disease. Further investigations into different biochemically defined amyloid-beta-pools indicated a distinct pattern of accumulation of extensively isomerized amyloid-beta in the insoluble fibrillar plaque and membrane-associated pools, while the extent of isomerization was lower in peripheral membrane/vesicular and soluble pools. This pattern correlated with the accumulation of aggregation-prone amyloid-beta(42) in Alzheimer's disease brains. Isomerization significantly alters the structure of the amyloid-beta peptide, which not only has implications for its degradation, but also for oligomer assembly, and the binding of therapeutic antibodies that directly target the N-terminus, where these modifications are located.
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