Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS AND BIOAVAILABILITY
Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 145-163Publisher
TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
DOI: 10.1080/26395940.2021.1947159
Keywords
Thermochemical conversion; sewage sludge; energy and resource recovery; technical challenges; solutions
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21706087]
- Key Research & development program of Zhejiang Province [2020C03088]
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Thermochemical processes are considered promising for sewage sludge management, but there are still many challenges. This review discusses the impact of sewage sludge on the environment, current treatment methods, and summarizes various thermochemical conversion technologies.
Thermochemical processes are considered as a promising technology for sewage sludge management, which could achieve volume reduction, energy and resource recovery, and effective destruction of pathogens. However, there are still many technology limitations and challenges of the thermochemical processes toward industrialization and commercialization. This review first briefly discusses the impact of sewage sludge on environmental sustainability and its current treatment and disposal methods. Typical thermochemical conversion technologies i.e., incineration/combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction for energy and resource recovery from sewage sludge are then comprehensively summarized. Subsequently, the technical challenges of thermochemical conversion of sewage sludge and the solutions that have been and/or are being developed to address the challenges are in-depth analyzed. Meanwhile, the prospects and future directions of the thermochemical technologies are outlined. In addition, the economic analysis and life cycle assessment of thermochemical conversion technologies are evaluated. Finally, the conclusions are put forward.
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