Journal
MRS BULLETIN
Volume 46, Issue 5, Pages 402-409Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1557/s43577-021-00099-z
Keywords
Energy storage; Safety; Lithium-ion; Batteries
Funding
- Office of Naval Research (ONR) [0014-18-1-2397]
- US Department of Energy Office of Electricity, Energy Storage Program
- US Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration [DE-NA-0003525]
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This article discusses the potential pathways of unintentional energy release during lithium-ion battery energy storage, exploring the relation between cell material properties and the physical processes associated with this release. The development, parameterization, and application of predictive models for energy release are also examined, with examples given to further insight into the development of safer energy storage systems.
Energy storage using lithium-ion cells dominates consumer electronics and is rapidly becoming predominant in electric vehicles and grid-scale energy storage, but the high energy densities attained lead to the potential for release of this stored chemical energy. This article introduces some of the paths by which this energy might be unintentionally released, relating cell material properties to the physical processes associated with this potential release. The selected paths focus on the anode-electrolyte and cathode-electrolyte interactions that are of typical concern for current and near-future systems. Relevant material processes include bulk phase transformations, bulk diffusion, surface reactions, transport limitations across insulating passivation layers, and the potential for more complex material structures to enhance safety. We also discuss the development, parameterization, and application of predictive models for this energy release and give examples of the application of these models to gain further insight into the development of safer energy storage systems.
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