Journal
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 186, Issue 2, Pages 1220-1239Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab112
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Funding
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council -United Kingdom Research and Innovation (BBSRCUKRI) [BB/M025551/1, BB/N005147/1]
- Punjab Educational Endowment Fund [PEEF/SSMS/2016/203]
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Plants are plastic organisms that optimize growth in response to environmental changes by detecting light signals and inducing the shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS), which restricts leaf blade size by limiting cell division and expansion. Phytochromes regulate major developmental pathways controlling cell proliferation, DNA processes, and ribosome biogenesis throughout leaf development.
Plants are plastic organisms that optimize growth in response to a changing environment. This adaptive capability is regulated by external cues, including light, which provides vital information about the habitat. Phytochrome photoreceptors detect far-red light, indicative of nearby vegetation, and elicit the adaptive shade-avoidance syndrome (SAS), which is critical for plant survival. Plants exhibiting SAS are typically more elongated, with distinctive, small, narrow leaf blades. By applying SAS-inducing end-of-day far-red (EoD FR) treatments at different times during Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf 3 development, we have shown that SAS restricts leaf blade size through two distinct cellular strategies. Early SAS induction limits cell division, while later exposure limits cell expansion. This flexible strategy enables phytochromes to maintain control of leaf size through the proliferative and expansion phases of leaf growth. mRNAseq time course data, accessible through a community resource, coupled to a bioinformatics pipeline, identified pathways that underlie these dramatic changes in leaf growth. Phytochrome regulates a suite of major development pathways that control cell division, expansion, and cell fate. Further, phytochromes control cell proliferation through synchronous regulation of the cell cycle, DNA replication, DNA repair, and cytokinesis, and play an important role in sustaining ribosome biogenesis and translation throughout leaf development.
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