4.8 Article

Ethylene-regulated asymmetric growth of the petal base promotes flower opening in rose (Rosa hybrida)

Journal

PLANT CELL
Volume 33, Issue 4, Pages 1229-1251

Publisher

OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab031

Keywords

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Funding

  1. National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFD1000400]
  2. National Natural Science Foundation of China [31522049, 31872148]
  3. 111 Project of the Ministry of Education [B17043]
  4. Construction of Beijing Science and Technology Innovation and Service Capacity in Top Subjects [CEFF-PXM2019_014207_000032]

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Using rose as a model, researchers identified the regulatory network underlying petal movement during flower opening, with RhPMP1 and ethylene signaling playing crucial roles. The study revealed how ethylene influences cell growth at the base of petals and the process of flower opening.
Flowers are the core reproductive structures and key distinguishing features of angiosperms. Flower opening to expose stamens and gynoecia is important in cases where pollinators much be attracted to promote cross-pollination, which can enhance reproductive success and species preservation. The floral opening process is accompanied by the coordinated movement of various floral organs, particularly petals. However, the mechanisms underlying petal movement and flower opening are not well understood. Here, we integrated anatomical, physiological, and molecular approaches to determine the petal movement regulatory network using rose (Rosa hybrida) as a model. We found that PETAL MOVEMENT-RELATED PROTEIN1 (RhPMP1), a homeodomain transcription factor (TF) gene, is a direct target of ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE3, a TF that functions downstream of ethylene signaling. RhPMP1 expression was upregulated by ethylene and specifically activated endoreduplication of parenchyma cells on the adaxial side of the petal (ADSP) base by inducing the expression of RhAPC3b, a gene encoding the core subunit of the Anaphase-Promoting Complex. Cell expansion of the parenchyma on the ADSP base was subsequently enhanced, thus resulting in asymmetric growth of the petal base, leading to the typical epinastic movement of petals and flower opening. These findings provide insights into the pathway regulating petal movement and associated flower-opening mechanisms.

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