Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW E
Volume 104, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.104.L012103
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Funding
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2016.0089]
- NanoLund
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant [796700]
- Swedish Research Council [2020-03362]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (Eccellenza Professorial Fellowship) [PCEFP2_194268]
- Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF) [PCEFP2_194268] Funding Source: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF)
- Swedish Research Council [2020-03362] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [796700] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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This study investigates the thermodynamic uncertainty relation in quantum heat engines, exploring the impact of quantum coherence on engine performance and how coherence can either suppress or enhance fluctuations in certain regions. Additionally, the research reveals that quantum violations of the uncertainty relation are not uncommon, even when the engine operates close to its conventional limits.
Nanoscale heat engines are subject to large fluctuations which affect their precision. The thermodynamic uncertainty relation (TUR) provides a trade-off between output power, fluctuations, and entropic cost. This tradeoff may be overcome by systems exhibiting quantum coherence. This Letter provides a study of the TUR in a prototypical quantum heat engine, the Scovil-Schulz-DuBois maser. Comparison with a classical reference system allows us to determine the effect of quantum coherence on the performance of the heat engine. We identify analytically regions where coherence suppresses fluctuations, implying a quantum advantage, as well as regions where fluctuations are enhanced by coherence. This quantum effect cannot be anticipated from the off-diagonal elements of the density matrix. Because the fluctuations are not encoded in the steady state alone, TUR violations are a consequence of coherence that goes beyond steady-state coherence. While the system violates the conventional TUR, it adheres to a recent formulation of a quantum TUR. We further show that parameters where the engine operates close to the conventional limit are prevalent and TUR violations in the quantum model are not uncommon.
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