4.6 Article

Young infants exhibit robust functional antibody responses and restrained IFN-γ production to SARS-CoV-2

Journal

CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
Volume 2, Issue 7, Pages -

Publisher

CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100327

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Elizabeth Blackwell Institute (EBI) for Health Research
  2. University of Bristol
  3. University's alumni and friends
  4. Grand Appeal charity
  5. Diabetes UK/JDRF [20/0006217]
  6. BBSRC/EPSRC Synthetic Biology Research Centre [BB/L01386X/1]
  7. NHS Blood and Transplant [WP15-05]
  8. NIHR Blood and Trans-plant Research Unit in Red Cell Products [IS-BTU-1214-10032]
  9. UK Research and Innovation/Medical Research Council [MR/V027506/1]
  10. Wellcome Trust GW4-CAT Fellowship
  11. Wellcome Trust [106115/Z/14/Z]
  12. Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Fund [204813/Z/16/Z]
  13. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
  14. EBI
  15. Wellcome Trust [106115/Z/14/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust

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The study suggests that severe cases of COVID-19 in infants are rare, and infants show distinct immune responses compared to adults, which may help protect them from severe disease.
Severe COVID-19 appears rare in children. This is unexpected, especially in young infants, who are vulnerable to severe disease caused by other respiratory viruses. We evaluate convalescent immune responses in 4 infants under 3 months old with confirmed COVID-19 who presented with mild febrile illness, alongside their parents, and adult controls recovered from confirmed COVID-19. Although not statistically significant, compared to seropositive adults, infants have high serum levels of IgG and IgA to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with a corresponding functional ability to block SARS-CoV-2 cellular entry. Infants also exhibit robust saliva anti-spike IgG and IgA responses. Spike-specific IFN-gamma production by infant peripheral blood mononuclear cells appears restrained, but the frequency of spike-specific IFN-gamma- and/or TNF-alpha-producing T cells is comparable between infants and adults. On principal-component analysis, infant immune responses appear distinct from their parents. Robust functional antibody responses alongside restrained IFN-gamma production may help protect infants from severe COVID-19.

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