Journal
SMART CITIES
Volume 4, Issue 1, Pages 372-404Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/smartcities4010022
Keywords
Electric Vehicles; Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle; battery charging; batteries technology; charging modes; EV plugs
Funding
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme [857237]
- Government of Aragon
- European Social Fund [T40_20D]
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Programa Estatal de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad, Proyectos I+D+I 2018, Spain [RTI2018-096384-B-I00]
- H2020 Societal Challenges Programme [857237] Funding Source: H2020 Societal Challenges Programme
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This paper reviews the developments in Electric Vehicles (EVs), focusing on battery technology, charging methods, and future prospects. It also highlights research challenges and opportunities in the industry.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining momentum due to several factors, including the price reduction as well as the climate and environmental awareness. This paper reviews the advances of EVs regarding battery technology trends, charging methods, as well as new research challenges and open opportunities. More specifically, an analysis of the worldwide market situation of EVs and their future prospects is carried out. Given that one of the fundamental aspects in EVs is the battery, the paper presents a thorough review of the battery technologies-from the Lead-acid batteries to the Lithium-ion. Moreover, we review the different standards that are available for EVs charging process, as well as the power control and battery energy management proposals. Finally, we conclude our work by presenting our vision about what is expected in the near future within this field, as well as the research aspects that are still open for both industry and academic communities.
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