Journal
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
Volume 11, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95445-1
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Funding
- ICAR-CSSRI, Karnal
- CIMMYT
- Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation through Cereal System Initiative for South Asia (CSISA) project [OPP1052535]
- CGIAR research program on climate change, agriculture, and food security (CCAFS)
- CGIAR Research Program (CRPs) on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS)
- Wheat Agri-Food Systems (WHEAT)
- CGIAR Fund Council, Australia (ACIAR)
- Irish Aid
- European Union
- International Fund for Agricultural Development
- USAID
- Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI)
- Department of Science and Technology (DST)
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Climate-smart agriculture (CSA)-based management practices are gaining popularity in South-Asia as an alternative for weed suppression, resources conservation, and environmental quality. Research showed that CSA-based practices effectively suppressed specific weed species and demonstrated more evident effects in the long-term.
Climate-smart agriculture (CSA)-based management practices are getting popular across South-Asia as an alternative to the conventional system for particular weed suppression, resources conservation and environmental quality. An 8-year study (2012-2013 to 2019-2020) was conducted to understand the shift in weed density and diversity under different CSA-based management practices called scenarios (Sc). These Sc involved: Sc1, conventional tillage (CT)-based rice-wheat system with flood irrigation (farmers' practice); Sc2, CT-rice, zero tillage (ZT)-wheat-mungbean with flood irrigation (partial CA-based); Sc3, ZT rice-wheat-mungbean with flood irrigation (partial CSA-based rice); Sc4, ZT maize-wheat-mungbean with flood irrigation (partial CSA-based maize); Sc5, ZT rice-wheat-mungbean with subsurface drip irrigation (full CSA-based rice); and Sc6, ZT maize-wheat-mungbean with subsurface drip irrigation (full CSA-based maize). The most abundant weed species were P. minor>A. arvensis>M. indicus>C. album and were favored by farmers' practice. However, CSA-based management practices suppressed these species and favored S. nigrum and R. dentatus and the effect of CSAPs was more evident in the long-term. Maximum total weed density was observed for Sc1, while minimum value was recorded under full CSA-based maize systems, where seven weed-species vanished, and P. minor density declined to 0.33 instead of 25.93 plant m(-2) after 8-years of continuous cultivation. Full CSA-based maize-wheat system could be a promising alternative for the conveniently managed rice-wheat system in weed suppression in north-west India.
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