Two-band conduction and nesting instabilities in superconducting Ba2CuO3+δ: First-principles study

First-principles investigations of the high-temperature superconducting system Ba2CuO3+delta , recently discovered at delta approximate to 0.2 at T-c = 70 K, are applied to demonstrate the effects of oxygen ordering on the electronic and magnetic properties. The observed highly overdoped superconducting phase displays stretched Cu-planar oxygen O-P distances and anomalously shortened Cu-apical O-A separations compared with other cuprates. The stoichiometric system delta = 0, with its strongly one-dimensional (1D) Cu-O-P chain structure, when nonmagnetic shows 1D Fermi surfaces that lead, within density functional theory, to antiferromagnetic Cu-O-P chains (a spin-Peierls instability). Accounting for 1D fluctuations and small interchain coupling according to the theory of Schulz indicates this system, like Sr2CuO3, is near the 1D Luttinger-liquid quantum critical phase. The unusual Cu-O bond lengths per se have limited effects on other properties for delta = 0. We find that a doubled bilayer structure of alternating Cu-O-P chains and wide rung Cu3O4 ladders is the energetically preferred one of three possibilities where the additional oxygen ions bridge Cu-O-P chains in the superconducting phase delta = 1/4. Nominal formal valences of the three Cu sites are discussed. The sixfold (octahedral) site is the most highly oxidized, accepting somewhat more holes in the d(z2 )orbital than in the d(x2-y2) orbital. The implication is that two-band physics is involved in the pairing mechanism and the superconducting carriers. The Fermi surfaces of this metallic bilayer structure show both 1D and 2D strong (incipient) nesting instabilities, possibly accounting for the lack of clean single-phase samples based on this structure and suggesting importance for the pairing mechanism.

Automated summary

First-principles investigations on the high-temperature superconducting system Ba2CuO3+delta, with a focus on oxygen ordering effects, reveal unique electronic and magnetic properties such as stretched Cu-plane oxygen distances and shortened Cu-apical oxygen separations. The system with strongly one-dimensional Cu-O-P chain structure shows 1D Fermi surfaces and antiferromagnetic chains. The energetically preferred structure for the superconducting phase involves a doubled bilayer structure with alternating Cu-O-P chains and Cu3O4 ladders.