Analgesic and anti-inflammatory controlled-released injectable microemulsion: Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams, in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo evaluation

Purpose: Development of analgesic and anti-inflammatory controlled-released injectable microemulsions utilising lysine clonixinate (LC) as model drug and generally regarded as safe (GRAS) excipients. Methods: Different microemulsions were optimised through pseudo-ternary phase diagrams and characterised measuring droplet size, viscosity, ex vivo haemolytic activity and in vitro drug release. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity was tested in mice (Hot plate test) and rats (Carrageenan-induced paw edema test) respectively and their activity was compared to an aqueous solution of LC salt. Results: The aqueous solution showed a faster and shorter response whereas the optimised microemulsion increased significantly (p < 0.01) the potency and duration of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity after deep intramuscular injection. The droplet size and the viscosity were key factors to control the drug release from the systems and enhance the effect of the formulations. Conclusions: The microemulsion consisting of Labrafil (R)/Lauroglycol (R)/Polysorbate 80/water with LC (56.25/18.75/15/10, w/w) could be a promising formulation after buccal surgery due to its ability to control the drug release and significantly achieve greater analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect over 24 h. (C) 2016 Published by Elsevier B.V.