Journal
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DEVELOPMENT AND DISEASE
Volume 8, Issue 8, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8080084
Keywords
cardiac; skeletal; development; regeneration; disease; long noncoding RNA; epigenetics; genomic imprinting
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Non-coding RNAs play a crucial role in regulating transcriptional and epigenetic activity in mammalian cells, affecting cellular homeostasis, proliferation, and differentiation. Long non-coding RNAs exhibit diverse mechanisms of action, such as competitive binding to miRNA targets, direct binding to mRNA, interaction with transcription factors, and facilitation of epigenetic modifications. They are implicated in tissue-specific expression and likely have conserved functions in establishing the striated muscle phenotype in cardiac and skeletal muscle development.
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of transcriptional and epigenetic activity in mammalian cells. Comprehensive analysis of these ncRNAs has revealed sophisticated gene regulatory mechanisms which finely tune the proper gene output required for cellular homeostasis, proliferation, and differentiation. However, this elaborate circuitry has also made it vulnerable to perturbations that often result in disease. Among the many types of ncRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to have the most diverse mechanisms of action including competitive binding to miRNA targets, direct binding to mRNA, interactions with transcription factors, and facilitation of epigenetic modifications. Moreover, many lncRNAs display tissue-specific expression patterns suggesting an important regulatory role in organogenesis, yet the molecular mechanisms through which these molecules regulate cardiac and skeletal muscle development remains surprisingly limited. Given the structural and metabolic similarities of cardiac and skeletal muscle, it is likely that several lncRNAs expressed in both of these tissues have conserved functions in establishing the striated muscle phenotype. As many aspects of regeneration recapitulate development, understanding the role lncRNAs play in these processes may provide novel insights to improve regenerative therapeutic interventions in cardiac and skeletal muscle diseases. This review highlights key lncRNAs that function as regulators of development, regeneration, and disease in cardiac and skeletal muscle. Finally, we highlight lncRNAs encoded by imprinted genes in striated muscle and the contributions of these loci on the regulation of gene expression.
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