Journal
THERANOSTICS
Volume 11, Issue 15, Pages 7546-7569Publisher
IVYSPRING INT PUBL
DOI: 10.7150/thno.56482
Keywords
photothermal therapy; immunotherapy; combination therapy; nanoplatforms; cancer
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81803737]
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [2019-JYB-XJSJJ008]
- Young Scientist Cultivation Program of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine
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The review summarized cutting-edge strategies in combining nano-based photothermal therapy (PTT) with immunotherapy for cancer treatment, which includes four categories of combination strategies. Various photothermal agents and nanoplatforms characteristics, as well as the immunological mechanisms for the synergism, were introduced in detail. Existing challenges and future prospects in combined PTT and immunotherapy were also discussed.
Cancer has been a great threat to humans for decades. Due to the limitations of monotherapy, combinational therapies such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and immunotherapy have gained increasing attention with expectation to overcome the shortfalls of each other and obtain satisfactory therapeutic outcomes. PTT can inhibit primary tumors by thermal ablation but usually fails to achieve complete eradication and cannot prevent metastasis and recurrence. Meanwhile, the efficacy of immunotherapy is usually attenuated by the weak immunogenicity of tumor and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (ITM). Therefore, many recent studies have attempted to synergize PTT with immunotherapy in order to enhance the therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we aim to summarize the cutting-edge strategies in combining nano-based PTT with immunotherapy for cancer treatment. Herein, the combination strategies were mainly classified into four categories, including 1) nano-based PTT combined with antigens to induce host immune responses; 2) nano-based PTT in combination with immune adjuvants acting as in situ vaccines; 3) nano-based PTT synergized with immune checkpoint blockade or other regulators to relieve the ITM; 4) nano-based PTT combined with CAR-T therapy or cytokine therapy for tumor treatment. The characteristics of various photothermal agents and nanoplatforms as well as the immunological mechanisms for the synergism were also introduced in detail. Finally, we discussed the existing challenges and future prospects in combined PTT and immunotherapy.
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