Journal
ECLINICALMEDICINE
Volume 38, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101011
Keywords
Lateral flow antigen testing; Point-of-care testing; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19, Primary care; Sensitivity; Specificity
Categories
Funding
- European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programe [101016233]
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The study demonstrates that LFT is a viable alternative to RT-PCR testing in primary care, showing high sensitivity and specificity. It also suggests that the reliability of LFT may be affected by the duration of symptoms and Ct values.
Background: Testing for COVID-19 with quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) may result in delayed detection of disease. Antigen detection via lateral flow testing (LFT) is faster and amenable to population-wide testing strategies. Our study assesses the diagnostic accuracy of LFT compared to RT-PCR on the same primarycare patients in Austria. Methods: Patients with mild to moderate flu-like symptoms attending a general practice network in an Austrian district (October 22 to November 30, 2020) received clinical assessment including LFT. All suspected COVID-19 cases obtained additional RT-PCR and were divided into two groups: Group 1 (true reactive): suspected cases with reactive LFT and positive RT-PCR; and Group 2 (false non-reactive): suspected cases with a non-reactive LFT but positive RT-PCR. Findings: Of the 2,562 symptomatic patients, 1,037 were suspected of COVID-19 and 826 (79.7%) patients tested RT-PCR positive. Among patients with positive RT-PCR, 788/826 tested LFT reactive (Group 1) and 38 (4.6%) non-reactive (Group 2). Overall sensitivity was 95.4% (95%CI: [94%,96.8%]), specificity 89.1% (95%CI: [86.3%, 91.9%]), positive predictive value 97.3% (95%Cl: [95.9%, 98.7%]) and negative predictive value 82.5% (95%CI: [79.8%, 85.2%]). Reactive LFT and positive RT-PCR were positively correlated (r = 0.968,95CI= [0.952,0.985] and kappa = 0.823, 95%CI=[0.773,0.866]). Reactive LFT was negatively correlated with Ct-value (r = -0.2999,p < 0.001) and pre-test symptom duration (r = -0.1299,p = 0.0043) while Ct-value was positively correlated with pre-test symptom duration (r = 0.3733),p < 0.001). Interpretation: We show that LFT is an accurate alternative to RT-PCR testing in primary care. We note the importance of administering LFT properly, here combined with clinical assessment in symptomatic patients. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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