Journal
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Volume 23, Issue 38, Pages 21419-21436Publisher
ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY
DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02946k
Keywords
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Funding
- JSPS KAKENHI from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) [18H03926, 19H05813, 20J20165, 21H04697]
- ALCA-SPRING from the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) [JPMJAL1301]
- Element Strategy Initiative of MEXT from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan [JPMXP0112101003]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [20J20165, 21H04697] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Polar solvents can dissolve Li and Na salts at high concentrations, forming complexes in the solution. The activity of uncoordinated solvent decreases with increasing salt concentration, eventually leading to the formation of solvates. Molten solvates exhibit unique characteristics such as high thermal stability and wide electrochemical window due to negligible activity of uncoordinated solvent. Solvent activity greatly influences electrochemical reactions in Li/Na batteries, highlighting the potential of molten solvates as promising electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
Polar solvents dissolve Li and Na salts at high concentrations and are used as electrolyte solutions for batteries. The solvents interact strongly with the alkali metal cations to form complexes in the solution. The activity (concentration) of the uncoordinated solvent decreases as the salt concentration is increased. At extremely high salt concentrations, all the solvent molecules are involved in the coordination of the ions and form the solvates of the salts. In this article, we review the structures, transport properties, and electrochemistry of Li/Na salt solvates. In molten solvates, the activity of the uncoordinated solvent is negligible; this is the main origin of their peculiar characteristics, such as high thermal stability, wide electrochemical window, and unique ion transport. In addition, the solvent activity greatly influences the electrochemical reactions in Li/Na batteries. We highlight the attractive features of molten solvates as promising electrolytes for next-generation batteries.
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