Journal
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 186, Issue 1, Pages 388-406Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab048
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Funding
- State Key Special Program Seven Main Crops Breeding [2016YFD0101701]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [31801856]
- Hebei Province Higher Education Youth Talents Program [BJ2018016]
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2020M673188]
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The high-quality genome sequence of Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) revealed its genomic features, the relationship between genes and repetitive sequences, genetic evolution, and the expansion of key genes in pathways regulating disease resistance and glucosinolate metabolism. The study provides valuable insights into the genetic resources and evolutionary history of Brassica carinata.
Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata) in the Brassicaceae family possesses many excellent agronomic traits. Here, the high-quality genome sequence of B. carinata is reported. Characterization revealed a genome anchored to 17 chromosomes with a total length of 1.087 Gb and an N50 scaffold length of 60 Mb. Repetitive sequences account for approximately 634 Mb or 58.34% of the B. carinata genome. Notably, 51.91% of 97,149 genes are confined to the terminal 20% of chromosomes as a result of the expansion of repeats in pericentromeric regions. Brassica carinata shares one whole-genome triplication event with the five other species in U's triangle, a classic model of evolution and polyploidy in Brassica. Brassica carinata was deduced to have formed similar to 0.047 Mya, which is slightly earlier than B. napus but later than B. juncea. Our analysis indicated that the relationship between the two subgenomes (BcaB and BcaC) is greater than that between other two tetraploid subgenomes (BjuB and BnaC) and their respective diploid parents. RNA-seq datasets and comparative genomic analysis were used to identify several key genes in pathways regulating disease resistance and glucosinolate metabolism. Further analyses revealed that genome triplication and tandem duplication played important roles in the expansion of those genes in Brassica species. With the genome sequencing of B. carinata completed, the genomes of all six Brassica species in U's triangle are now resolved. The data obtained from genome sequencing, transcriptome analysis, and comparative genomic efforts in this study provide valuable insights into the genome evolution of the six Brassica species in U's triangle.
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