Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volume -, Issue 44, Pages 5186-5195Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700904
Keywords
Upconversion; FRET; Fluorescence; Biosensors; DNA
Categories
Funding
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) France, (M-era.Net-project NANOHYPE)
- COST Action (The European upconversion network - from the design of photon-upconverting nanomaterials to biomedical applications) [CM1403]
- Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies (FRQNT)
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Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) are of high interest for biosensing because of their unique near-infrared-excitation and visible-emission features. An emerging field within UCNP biosensing is the detection of biological interactions through Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET). However, the relatively large size, the distribution of emitting lanthanide ions within the nanoparticle, the unknown photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QY) of these emitting ions, and the many available core-shell architectures make the interpretation of UCNP-based FRET data extremely difficult. Here, we present a detailed spectroscopic study of three types of NaGdF4:Er3+,Yb3+ UCNPs with and without shells and lanthanide-ion doping in the cores or the shells. The different architectures strongly influence the brightness and PL lifetimes of the UCNPs, which are important properties for FRET to Cy3.5 dyes attached to the UCNP surfaces through DNA. Analysis of the FRET-sensitized dye PL decays allows the determination of the FRET efficiencies, which, in turn, can be used to estimate donor-acceptor distances, Forster distances, and Er3+ donor QYs, all of which are difficult to assess by other methods.
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