Journal
NATURE AGING
Volume 1, Issue 10, Pages 870-879Publisher
SPRINGERNATURE
DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00121-8
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Funding
- Glenn Foundation for Medical Research and AFAR Grant for Junior Faculty
- Esperance Fellowship in Personalized Nutrition
- Kenneth and Paula Munson Family Fund for Student Support in Health Sciences Fellowship
- Noaber Foundation
- Travelers Chair in Geriatrics and Gerontology
- NIH [R37AG013925, R01AG072301, P01AG062413, R33AG061456, R21AG063528, R03AG072374, R01AG066679, R01AG068860]
- Connor Group
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Cellular senescence is a unique cell fate that plays a role in development and wound healing, while also limiting tumor formation. However, the pathologic accumulation of senescent cells is associated with various diseases and age-related morbidities. Research shows that treatments targeting senescent cells through apoptosis induction or inhibition of senescence-related secretory phenotype are beneficial for geriatric decline and chronic diseases.
This Review summarizes current research on cellular senescence including its molecular basis and examines how drugs may be targeted against senescent cells to treat age-related multimorbidities. Cellular senescence represents a distinct cell fate characterized by replicative arrest in response to a host of extrinsic and intrinsic stresses. Senescence facilitates programming during development and wound healing, while limiting tumorigenesis. However, pathologic accumulation of senescent cells is implicated in a range of diseases and age-associated morbidities across organ systems. Senescent cells produce distinct paracrine and endocrine signals, causing local tissue dysfunction and exerting deleterious systemic effects. Senescent cell removal by apoptosis-inducing senolytic agents or therapies that inhibit the senescence-associated secretory phenotype have demonstrated benefit in both preclinical and clinical models of geriatric decline and chronic diseases, suggesting that senescent cells represent a pharmacologic target for alleviating effects of fundamental aging processes. However, senescent cell populations are heterogeneous in form, function and tissue distribution, and even differ among species, possibly explaining issues of bench-to-bedside translation in current clinical trials. Here we review features of senescent cells and strategies for targeting them, including immunologic approaches, as well as key intracellular signaling pathways. Additionally, we survey current senolytic therapies in human trials. Collectively, there is demand for research to develop targeted senotherapeutics that address the needs of the aging and chronically ill.
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