4.4 Review

Intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases

Journal

KIDNEY RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
Volume 40, Issue 3, Pages 335-343

Publisher

KOREAN SOC NEPHROLOGY
DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.053

Keywords

Acute kidney injury; Chronic kidney disease; Microbiota; Nephrolithiasis; Transplantation

Funding

  1. Basic Science Research Pro-gram through the National Research Foundation of Korea - Ministry of Education [2017R1A2B1002734]
  2. National Research Foundation of Korea [2017R1A2B1002734] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)

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Microbial communities in the gut interact with the host physiology through symbiotic relationships, affecting health. These microbes play an important role in various kidney diseases by regulating multiple mechanisms, influencing disease onset and progression.
Large microbial communities reside in the gut as an endogenous organ and interact with the host physiology through symbiotic relationships, affecting health. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques have made it possible to better understand these complex microbial communities and their effects on hosts. Animal and clinical studies have provided considerable evidence to show that the microbiota plays an important role in chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and kidney transplantation by altering the functions of the intestinal barrier, regulating local and systemic inflammation, controlling production of metabolic components, and affecting immune responses. Although the exact mechanism underlying the microbial shift and its impact on disease progression remains uncertain, the kidney-gut interaction clearly plays a significant role in onset and progression of kidney disease and, therefore, holds promise as a therapeutic target. Here, we review recent literature pertaining to the bidirectional relationship between microbes and humans in various kidney diseases and discuss the future direction of microbial research in nephrology.

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