Journal
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
Volume 27, Issue 9, Pages 2434-2444Publisher
CENTERS DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION
DOI: 10.3201/eid2709.204395
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Funding
- Swiss National Science Foundation (Eccellenza Grant and National Research Program 72 Antimicrobial Resistance)
- Joint Programming Initiative on Antimicrobial Resistance [PCEFP3_181248 and 40AR40_180179]
- Public Health Agency of Canada
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Canada's poultry industry successfully reduced antimicrobial resistance in broiler chickens by reducing the use of antimicrobials, but the withdrawal of individual drug classes led to an increase in the use and resistance levels of other drug classes.
Antimicrobial use contributes to the global rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). In 2014, the poultry industry in Canada initiated its Antimicrobial Use Reduction Strategy to mitigate AMR in the poultry sector. We monitored trends in antimicrobial use and AMR of foodborne bacteria (Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Campylobacter) in broiler chickens during 2013 and 2019. We quantified the effect of antimicrobial use and management factors on AMR by using LASSO regression and generalized mixed-effect models. AMR in broiler chickens declined by 6%-38% after the decrease in prophylactic antimicrobial use. However, the withdrawal of individual compounds, such as cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, prompted an increase in use of and resistance levels for other drug classes, such as aminoglycosides. Canada's experience with antimicrobial use reduction illustrates the potential for progressive transitions from conventional antimicrobial-dependent broiler production to more sustainable production with respect to antimicrobial use.
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