Journal
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
Volume 9, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2021.106124
Keywords
Zero valent iron; Direct current; Electrochemical reduction in situ; Remediation
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic [LM2018124]
- Technology Agency of the Czech Republic [FW03010071]
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This study compares the effectiveness of different forms of NZVI in in situ reductive remediation techniques, with NANOFER STAR DC + DC showing significantly higher efficiency in reducing CHC concentration compared to conventional techniques. The study also found that the NZVI in STAR DC + DC remained active for a longer period, leading to a more sustained reductive effect.
This study presents an advance on the standard in situ reductive remediation technique using nanosized zero valent iron (NZVI). The initial process used a conventional form of NZVI, NANOFER 25S (NANO IRON, s.r.o.), at a site contaminated with chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC) in 2014. In 2018, levels of contamination at the site were still too high; hence, a second remediation intervention was performed using a cheaper form of NZVI, NANOFER STAR DC (NANO IRON, s.r.o.), accompanied with application of an electrical current (DC). The physical-chemical parameters at the site showed moderate reductive conditions for both techniques. While remediation with NANOFER 25S showed a continuous decrease in NZVI activity over time, application of NANOFER STAR DC + DC resulted in a long-term reductive effect, observable as a persistent decrease in CHC concentration and evolution of ethene and ethane dechlorination products. NZVI in the STAR DC + DC was still active after around 200 days. Final efficiency of the STAR DC + DC method was calculated at 3.7 times higher than the conventional technique using NANOFER 25S only. Laboratory-scale experiments confirmed the field observations, indicating the significantly elevated effectivity of STAR DC + DC.
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