Swimming of microbes in blood flow of nano-bioconvective Williamson fluid

As blood flow patterns are employed in the diagnosis of circulatory disorders such as arteriosclerotic disease, bioengineers and medical scientists are interested in blood flow identification via the circulatory system. Researchers used non-Newtonian fluid models to measure blood flow cardiovascular system (e.g., hyperbolic tangent fluid, Powell Erying fluid, Casson fluid, Williamson fluid, etc.) as these fluids provide a rheological representation of blood with a more detailed thinning component. In this study, blood is taken as Williamson's fluid, and flow velocity is unsteady towards the stretching/shrinking surface in consonance with exothermic/endothermic function. The theology of gyrotactic microorganisms (GM) is addressed to nanofluid to stabilise nanoparticles due to bioconvection. A finite-difference computational approach evaluates the mathematical model followed by a stability and convergence analysis. The nanofluid blood velocity characteristics, temperature, concentration, and microorganisms are discussed following the diagrams. The skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and the microorganisms density are evaluated and clarified in detail. Besides, iso-concentrations and iso-microorganisms are configured for various factors to assess the nanofluid blood flows' boundary line thickness. The present analysis may be useful for many hyperthermia therapies, such as cancer treatment, tumour therapy and cardiac surgery, and applications in microbial fuel cells, microfluidic systems, and heat transfer contrivances.

Automated summary

This study focuses on using non-Newtonian fluid models to measure blood flow characteristics, as well as addressing gyrotactic microorganisms in nanofluid. Through a mathematical model and stability analysis, the characteristics of nanofluid blood flow, including temperature, concentration, skin friction, and microorganism density, are evaluated. The results of this analysis can be applied to hyperthermia therapies and microbial fuel cells.