Journal
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
Volume 21, Issue 20, Pages 15631-15646Publisher
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-15631-2021
Keywords
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Funding
- Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation [8202031]
- Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science [OFSLRSS201926]
- Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
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Recent research has shown that since 2013, the ozone formation regime across China has shifted to transitional and NOx-limited modes, primarily controlled by NOx. However, in this scenario, the increase in volatile organic compounds has become the main driver for rising ozone pollution in China. Therefore, for effective ozone pollution management, emission reductions in both VOCs and NOx should be equally considered.
Ozone formation regimes are closely related to the ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to NOx. Different ranges of HCHO/NO2 indicate three formation regimes, including VOC-limited, transitional, and NOx-limited regimes. Due to the unstable interactions between a diversity of precursors, the range of the transitional regime, which plays a key role in identifying ozone formation regimes, remains unclear. To overcome the uncertainties from single models and the lack of reference data, we employed two models, polynomial simulation and convergent cross-mapping (CCM), to identify the ranges of HCHO/NO2 across China based on ground observations and remote sensing datasets. The ranges of the transitional regime estimated by polynomial simulation and CCM were [1.0, 1.9] and [1.0, 1.8]. Since 2013, the ozone formation regime has changed to the transitional and NOx-limited regime all over China, indicating that ozone concentrations across China were mainly controlled by NOx. However, despite the NO2 concentrations, HCHO concentrations continuously exert a positive influence on ozone concentrations under transitional and NOx-limited regimes. Under the circumstance of national NOx reduction policies, the increase in VOCs became the major driver for the soaring ozone pollution across China. For an effective management of ozone pollution across China, the emission reduction in VOCs and NOx should be equally considered.
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