Journal
IEEE ACCESS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages 136929-136943Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3105457
Keywords
Neuromodulation; Neurons; Electrodes; Deep brain stimulation; Electrical stimulation; Surgery; Satellite broadcasting; Brain stimulation; deep brain stimulation; intelligent equipment; medical expert systems
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Brain stimulation is increasingly being favored over pharmacological treatments for neurological conditions when the latter proves ineffective. This article covers the pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease, current pharmacological treatments and deep brain stimulation as a last resort. It also provides a comprehensive analysis of intelligent deep brain stimulation methods from studies conducted in the past five years, as well as discussing research gaps and challenges.
Brain Stimulation is now becoming the preferred approach where pharmacological treatment is ineffective in neurological conditions such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), Tourette Syndrome, Addiction disorder, Depression, and Anxiety. The brain can be stimulated by electrical current, light, and sound energy, invasively or non-invasively. The article comprises of pathophysiology in Parkinson's, current pharmacological modalities used for the treatment (along with limitations), and deep brain stimulation as the last resort. The article also provides a comprehensive analysis of intelligent Deep Brain Stimulation methods (procedure, architecture, and type) from the studies and research conducted in the last five years. In the end, research gaps and associated challenges are discussed.
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