Few- to many-vortex states of density-angular-momentum-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Motivated by recent experiments, we study theoretically a gas of atomic bosons confined in an elliptical harmonic trap, forming a quasi-two-dimensional atomic Bose-Einstein condensate subject to a density-dependent gauge potential which realizes an effective density-angular-momentum coupling. We present exact ThomasFermi solutions which allow us to identify the stable regimes of the full parameter space of the model. Accompanying numerical simulations reveal the effect of the interplay of the rigid body and density-angularmomentum coupling for the elliptically confined condensate. By varying the strength of the gauge potential and trap anisotropy, we explore how the superfluid state emerges in different experimentally accessible geometries, while for large rotation strengths dense vortex lattices and concentric vortex ring arrangements are obtained.

Automated summary

The study focuses on a gas of atomic bosons confined in an elliptical harmonic trap, forming a quasi-two-dimensional atomic Bose-Einstein condensate subjected to a density-dependent gauge potential. Through exact Thomas-Fermi solutions and numerical simulations, the stable regimes and effects of rigid body and density-angular-momentum coupling are identified in the elliptically confined condensate. Varying the strength of the gauge potential and trap anisotropy showcases the emergence of superfluid states in different experimentally accessible geometries, with dense vortex lattices and concentric vortex ring arrangements observed for large rotation strengths.