Journal
JOURNAL OF BONE AND JOINT SURGERY-AMERICAN VOLUME
Volume 103, Issue 21, Pages 2024-2031Publisher
LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.20.02227
Keywords
-
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of the Japanese government [19K09604]
Ask authors/readers for more resources
The study found that heated tobacco products (HTP) have a negative impact on preosteoblast cell viability and bone fracture-healing, comparable to the effects of conventional cigarettes.
Background:The negative impact of cigarette smoking on bone union has been well documented. However, the impact of heated tobacco product (HTP) use on bone fracture-healing remains unclear. The present study investigated the effect of HTPs on preosteoblast viability, osteoblastic differentiation, and fracture-healing and compared the effects with those of conventional combustible cigarettes.Methods:Cigarette smoke extracts (CSEs) were generated from combustible cigarettes (cCSE) and HTPs (hCSE). CSE concentrations were standardized by assessing optical density. Preosteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cells were incubated with normal medium, cCSE, or hCSE. The cell viability was assessed via MTT assay. After osteoblastic differentiation of CSE-exposed cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed. To assess the in vivo effects of CSEs, a femoral midshaft osteotomy was performed in a rat model; thereafter, saline solution, cCSE, or hCSE was injected intraperitoneally, and bone union was assessed on the basis of micro-computed tomography (& mu;CT) and biomechanical analysis 4 weeks later.Results:MC3T3-E1 cell viability was reduced in a time and concentration-dependent manner when treated with either cCSE or hCSE. ALP activity after osteoblastic differentiation of cCSE-treated cells was significantly lower than that of both untreated and hCSE-treated cells (mean and standard deviation, 452.4 & PLUSMN; 48.8 [untreated], 326.2 & PLUSMN; 26.2 [cCSE-treated], and 389.9 & PLUSMN; 26.6 [hCSE-treated] mol/L/min; p = 0.002). Moreover, the levels of osteoblastic differentiation in untreated and hCSE-treated cells differed significantly (p < 0.05). In vivo assessment of the femoral midshaft cortical region revealed that both cCSE and hCSE administration significantly decreased bone mineral content 4 weeks after surgery compared with levels observed in untreated animals (107.0 & PLUSMN; 11.9 [untreated], 94.5 & PLUSMN; 13.0 [cCSE-treated], and 89.0 & PLUSMN; 10.1 mg/cm(3) [hCSE-treated]; p = 0.049). Additionally, cCSE and hCSE-exposed femora had significantly lower bone volumes than unexposed femora. Biomechanical analyses showed that both cCSE and hCSE administration significantly decreased femoral maximum load and elastic modulus (p = 0.015 and 0.019).Conclusions:HTP use impairs cell viability, osteoblastic differentiation, and bone fracture-healing at levels comparable with those associated with combustible cigarette use.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available