Journal
TREE PHYSIOLOGY
Volume 41, Issue 7, Pages 1122-1142Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS
DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa173
Keywords
biotic stress volatiles; eriophyoid mites; galls; isoprene; leaf structure; nitrogen content; photosynthesis; quantitative responses; terpenes
Categories
Funding
- European Commission through the European Research Council [322603]
- European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange)
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The study investigated the impact of Eriophyes mites on foliage morphology, chemistry, photosynthetic characteristics, and volatile emissions in Alnus and Tilia trees. It was found that leaf dry mass, net assimilation rate, and stomatal conductance decreased significantly with increasing severity of infection. Mite infections led to an increase in emissions of fatty acid-derived volatiles, isoprene, benzenoids, and carotenoid breakdown products, with different responses in different types of infections.
Highly host-specific eriophyoid gall- and erineum-forming mites infest a limited range of broadleaf species, with the mites from the genus Eriophyes particularly widespread on Alnus spp. and Tilia spp. Once infected, the infections can be massive, covering a large part of leaf area and spreading through the plant canopy, but the effects of Eriophyes mite gall formation on the performance of host leaves are poorly understood. We studied the influence of three frequent Eriophyes infections, E. inangulis gall-forming mites on Alnus glutinosa, and E. tiliae gall-forming and E. exilis erineum-forming mites on Tilia cordata, on foliage morphology, chemistry, photosynthetic characteristics, and constitutive and induced volatile emissions. For all types of infections, leaf dry mass per unit area, net assimilation rate per area and stomatal conductance strongly decreased with increasing severity of infection. Mite infections resulted in enhancement or elicitation of emissions of fatty acid-derived volatiles, isoprene, benzenoids and carotenoid breakdown products in an infection severity-dependent manner for all different infections. Monoterpene emissions were strongly elicited in T. cordata mite infections, but these emissions were suppressed in E. inangulis-infected A. glutinosa. Although the overall level of mite-induced emissions was surprisingly low, these results highlight the uniqueness of the volatile profiles and offer opportunities for using volatile fingerprints and overall emission rates to diagnose infections by Eriophyes gall- and erineum-forming mites on temperate trees and assess their impact on the physiology of the affected trees.
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