Journal
IEEE ACCESS
Volume 9, Issue -, Pages 147343-147356Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3123867
Keywords
Entropy; Ring oscillators; Delays; Physical unclonable function; Licenses; Hardware; Field programmable gate arrays; Compensated measuring; entropy; FPGA; hardware security; physically unclonable function; ring oscillator
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Funding
- Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad -Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (MINECO-FEDER) [TEC2017-85867-R, PID2020-114110RA-I00]
- Diputacion General de Aragon (DGA) fellowship
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This article focuses on well-known PUF candidates based on ring oscillator delay, studying the impact of different digitization algorithms on their security properties. A new family of digitization schemes named k-modular is proposed, exhibiting uniformity in response distribution and high entropy density.
Since the discovery of the physical random functions and their subsequent refinement into physical unclonable functions (PUF), a great effort has been made in developing and characterizing these objects attending to their physical properties as well as conceiving a myriad of different examples in the search for a better application-specificity and suitability. However, comparatively little time has been devoted to the analysis of entropy extraction algorithms beyond the recognition of some limitations due to the environment influencing the PUF behavior. In this article we focus on well known PUF candidates based on ring oscillator delay, which are ideal for FPGA prototyping due to their tolerance to asymmetries in routing. We have studied the impact that different digitization algorithms of the responses have over their security properties. Specifically, we have analyzed the response probability distributions that arise from some popular techniques of digitization called compensated measuring methods, highlighting their lack of uniformity and how this might translate into cryptanalytically exploitable vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we propose a new family of digitization schemes named k-modular that exhibit both uniformity in response distribution and high entropy density on both physical and response space.
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