Journal
EUROPEAN FOOD RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY
Volume 244, Issue 4, Pages 647-662Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00217-017-2989-9
Keywords
Old apple cultivars; Polyphenolic compounds; Antioxidant capacity; HPLC-ELSD; UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS
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Funding
- Wroclaw Centre of Biotechnology under program The Leading National Research Centre (KNOW)
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The basic chemical composition, polyphenols and antioxidant capacity in 22 old apple cultivars grown in Poland were determined. Fruits were analyzed for contents of individual polyphenolics with the ultra-performance liquid chromatography photodiode detector-quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS) method, sugar with the high-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC-ELSD) method, and antioxidant capacity with the ABTS and FRAP radical method. A total of 29 bioactive compounds, including 26 polyphenolic compounds (7 flavan-3-ols, 2 dihydrochalcones, 4 anthocyanins, 5 phenolic acids, 8 flavonols) and 3 triterpenoids (ursolic, betulinic and oleanolic acids), were identified in fruits. All the apple cultivars were found to be rich in polyphenols [average 2139.21 mg/100 g dry matter (dm)], especially phenolic acid (average 694.12 mg/kg dm), flavan-3-ols (average 1259.80 mg/kg dm), flavonols (average 106.78 mg/kg dm) and triterpenoids (average 2552.20 A mu g/g dm), particularly ursolic acid (average 2234.50 A mu g/g dm), with high ABTS and FRAP capacity (average 72.14 and 46.77 A mu mol Trolox/100 g dm). The apple cultivars were also found to be a good source of pectins (average 1.19%), acids (average 0.67%) and sugars (average 9.11 g/100 g).
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