4.1 Review

Charting the next century of insulin replacement with cell and gene therapies

Journal

MED
Volume 2, Issue 10, Pages 1138-1162

Publisher

CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2021.09.001

Keywords

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Funding

  1. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB) Scientific Staff Development Award (SSDA)
  2. National University of Singapore -Kidney Dialysis Foundation (NUS-KDF) grant
  3. Lee Foundation
  4. IMCB
  5. A*STAR
  6. NMRC OF-LCG/DYNAMO
  7. Lee Foundation [SHTX/LFG/002/2018]
  8. FY2019 SingHealth Duke-NUS Surgery Academic Clinical Programme Research Support Programme Grant
  9. Precision Medicine and Personalised Therapeutics Joint Research Grant 2019
  10. Industry Alignment Fund -Industry Collaboration Project (IAF-ICP) [I1901E0049]
  11. 2nd A*STAR-AMED Joint Grant Call [192B9002]
  12. [NUHSRO/2021/035/NUSMed/04/NUS-IMCB Joint Lab/LOA]

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The discovery of insulin a century ago revolutionized the lives of individuals with diabetes, but there is still significant room for improvement towards a cure. By summarizing key milestones and recent technological advances in recombinant insulin, the future of insulin replacement therapies holds promise for effectively treating diabetes in the next century.
The discovery of insulin a century ago changed the lives of millions of individuals suffering from diabetes, paving the way for long-term survival. While the availability of recombinant insulin for hormone replacement therapy has served extremely well to help control blood glucose in diabetes, there remains significant room for further improvements for an ultimate cure for diabetes patients. In this review, we celebrate the 100th anniversary of the discovery of insulin and consolidate the key milestones and advances in the development of recombinant human insulin. We then summarize recent and current technological developments in terms of insulin gene- and cell-replacement therapies that are promising in greater therapeutic potential. We envision that the next era of insulin replacement therapies will effectively treat diabetes and serve our patients even better for the next century to come.

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