Effect of Rashba spin-orbit and Rabi couplings on the excitation spectrum of binary Bose-Einstein condensates

We present the collective excitation spectrum analysis of binary Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with spinorbit (SO) and Rabi couplings in a quasi-two-dimensional system. In particular, we investigate the role of SO and Rabi coupling strengths in determining the dynamical stability of the coupled BECs using Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) theory. Using the eigenenergy of the BdG spectrum, we confirm the existence of phonon, roton, and maxon modes with weak repulsive intra- and interspecies contact interactions. The depth of the minimum corresponding to the roton mode strongly depends on the coupling strength. We find that the increase of the SO coupling leads to instability, while the increase in the Rabi coupling stabilizes the system. Also, the eigenvectors of the BdG spectrum indicate the presence of a densitylike mode in the stable regime and spinlike modes in the unstable regimes. A phase diagram demonstrating the stability regime in the plane of SO and Rabi coupling strengths is obtained. Finally, we complement the observation of the excitation spectrum with the direct numerical simulation results of coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations.

Automated summary

This study presents the collective excitation spectrum analysis of binary Bose-Einstein condensates with spin-orbit and Rabi couplings, revealing the crucial role of SO and Rabi coupling strengths in determining the dynamical stability of coupled BECs. The results show that an increase in SO coupling leads to instability, while an increase in Rabi coupling stabilizes the system and generates different excitation modes.