Journal
NATURAL HAZARDS AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
Volume 21, Issue 11, Pages 3563-3572Publisher
COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-21-3563-2021
Keywords
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Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51761135024, 41871164]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFE0107400, 2018YFC1508803]
- Shanghai Sailing Program [21YF1456900]
- Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Planning Program [2021XRM005]
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This study investigates a serious flood event in Shanghai caused by a levee breach, using a 2D hydro-inundation model to analyze the dynamics and compound effects of the flooding. The worst-hit areas are predicted to be low-lying settlements and farmland, with the most critical time for flood prevention identified as the first 1-3 hours after dike failure.
Levee-breach-induced flooding occurs occasionally but always causes considerable losses. A serious flood event occurred due to the collapse of a 15 m long levee section in Qianbujing Creek, Shanghai, China, during Typhoon Fitow in October 2013. Heavy rainfall associated with the typhoon intensified the flood severity (extent and depth). This study investigates the flood evolution to understand the dynamic nature of flooding and the compound effect using a well-established 2D hydro-inundation model (FloodMap) to reconstruct this typical event. This model coupled urban hydrological processes with flood inundation for high-resolution flood modeling, which has been applied in a number of different environments, and FloodMap is now the mainstream numerical simulation model used for flood scenarios. Our simulation results provide a comprehensive view of the spatial patterns of the flood evolution. The worst-hit areas are predicted to be low-lying settlements and farmland. Temporal evaluations suggest that the most critical time for flooding prevention is in the early 1-3 h after dike failure. In low-elevation areas, temporary drainage measures and flood defenses are equally important. The validation of the model demonstrates the reliability of the approach.
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