Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INTELLIGENT VEHICLES
Volume 6, Issue 1, Pages 14-23Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIV.2020.3032642
Keywords
Batteries; Degradation; Energy consumption; Optimization; Urban areas; Mechanical power transmission; Intelligent vehicles; Connected vehicles; vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I); velocity optimization; battery degradation; cost optimization; electric bus
Categories
Funding
- Federal Transit Administration
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Connected vehicle technologies have the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and battery degradation for electric buses. Optimization through dynamic programming to minimize overall cost function showed a 27% cost savings with the use of connectivity, especially for buses with smaller battery sizes.
Connected vehicle technologies present new opportunities to minimize energy consumption in vehicles. Much of the prior work has focused on the impact of vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication on energy savings. Here, we analyze the impact of connectivity on both energy savings and battery degradation reduction for an electric bus. Dynamic programming is employed to optimize the velocity profile of a single electric bus passing through a traffic intersection under a V2I regime wherein the intersection timing of the traffic light is known a priori. The optimization seeks to minimize the overall cost function consisting of the electric energy consumption and battery degradation. Simulations have been conducted for both the connected vehicle case and the baseline case without connectivity. Three different battery sizes were investigated, and the results indicate that connectivity confers the greatest cost savings for the smallest battery. An overall cost savings of 27% can be realized by using connectivity to reduce both energy consumption and battery degradation.
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