Journal
MOLECULES
Volume 26, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226769
Keywords
HS-SPME/GC-MS; nonanal; pentadecane 8-hexyl; pest; venom apparatus; Vespa velutina
Funding
- Xunta de Galicia
- University of Vigo [ED481B-2018/059]
- Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) [UIDB/00690/2020]
- FEDER under Programme PT2020 [UIDB/00690/2020]
- INTERREG ATLANTIC AREA PROGRAM (European Regional Development Fund-ERDF, European Union) [EAPA_800/2018-Atlantic-POSitive]
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Vespa velutina has been rapidly expanding throughout Galicia since 2012, causing human health risks and losses in the beekeeping sector. Studying insect-derived semiochemicals as an alternative to conventional pesticides could be an effective integrated pest management tool.
Vespa velutina has been rapidly expanding throughout Galicia since 2012. It is causing human health risks and well-known losses in the beekeeping sector. Control methods are scarce, unspecific, and ineffective. Semiochemicals are insect-derived chemicals that play a role in communication and they could be used an integrated pest management tool alternative to conventional pesticides. A previous determination of the organic chemical profile should be the first step in the study of these semiochemicals. HS-SPME in living individuals and the sting apparatus extraction followed by GC-MS spectrometry were combined to extract a possible profile of these compounds in 43 hornets from Galicia. The identified compounds were hydrocarbons, ketones, terpenes, and fatty acid, and fatty acid esters. Nonanal aldehyde appeared in important concentrations in living individuals. While pentadecane, 8-hexyl- and ethyl oleate were mainly extracted from the venom apparatus. Ketones 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone and 7-nonen-2-one, 4,8-dimethyl- were identified by both procedures, as was 1,7-Nonadiene, 4,8-dimethyl-. Some compounds were detected for the first time in V. velutina such as naphthalene, 1,6-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl). The chemical profile by caste was also characterized.
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