Maintaining supersolidity in one and two dimensions

We theoretically investigate supersolidity in three-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates. We focus on the role of trap geometry in determining the dimensionality of the resulting droplet arrays, which range from one-dimensional to zigzag, through to two-dimensional supersolids in circular traps. Supersolidity is well established in one-dimensional arrays, and may be just as favorable in two-dimensional arrays provided that one appropriately scales the atom number to the trap volume. We develop a tractable variational model-which we benchmark against full numerical simulations-and use it to study droplet crystals and their excitations. We also outline how exotic ring and stripe states may be created with experimentally feasible parameters. Our work paves the way for future studies of two-dimensional dipolar supersolids in realistic settings.

Automated summary

In this study, we investigate theoretically the supersolidity in three-dimensional dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, focusing on the impact of trap geometry on the dimensionality of resulting droplet arrays. We found that supersolidity is well established in one-dimensional arrays and may also be favorable in two-dimensional arrays with proper scaling of atom number to trap volume. By developing a tractable variational model, we were able to study droplet crystals and their excitations, and suggest potential creation of exotic ring and stripe states with experimentally feasible parameters. This work sets the stage for future research on two-dimensional dipolar supersolids in realistic settings.