4.7 Article

PBPK/PD assessment for Parkinson's disease risk posed by airborne pesticide paraquat exposure

Journal

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 25, Issue 6, Pages 5359-5368

Publisher

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0875-4

Keywords

Parkinson's disease; Paraquat; Pesticide; Population exposure-response function; PBPK/PD; Probabilistic risk assessment

Funding

  1. Ministry of Science and Technology of the Republic of China [MOST 105-2313-B-002-020-MY3]

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Exposure to several specific pesticides has led to an increase of Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. However, it is difficult to quantify the PD population risk related to certain pesticides in regions where environmental exposure data are scarce. Furthermore, the time trend of the prevalence and incidence of PD embedded in the background relationship between PD risk and pesticide exposures has not been well characterized. It has been convincingly identified that a key pesticide associated significantly with an increased risk trend of PD is paraquat (PQ). Here, we present a novel, probabilistic population-based exposure-response approach to quantify the contribution from PQ exposure to prevalence risk of PD. We found that the largest PQ exposure contributions occurred in its positive trend during 2004-2011, with the PQ contributing nearly 21 and 24%, respectively, to the PD prevalence rates among the age groups of 70-79 and >= 80 years in Taiwan. We also employed the present population risk model to predict the PQ-induced PD prevalence based on the projected rates of increase in PQ exposure associated with age-specific population. The predicted outcome can be used as an early warning signal for public health authorities. We suggest that a mechanistic understanding of the contribution of a specific pesticide exposure to PD risk trends is crucial to enhance our insights into the perspective on the impacts of environmental exposure on the neurodegenerative diseases.

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