Association of metabolic syndrome components with alterations in oxidative stress and cytokines expression

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has been associated with a chronic inflammation state; the specific causative etiology to the MetS will need further investigation. The present study aims to explore the levels and roles of pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers and antioxidant enzymes in MetS development. Subjects were divided into five groups: healthy controls; patients with dyslipidemia; patients with dyslipidemia and obesity; patients with dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension; patients with dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Antioxidant enzyme activities were dramatically decreased in MetS patients, whereas inflammatory marker levels were elevated. The levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-23, IL-33, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), resistin, and nitric oxide were positively correlated to triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Therefore, the data indicate that antioxidant enzymes, IL-8, IL-23, IL-33, NF-kappa B, and resistin might be used as tools to ameliorate and treat metabolic diseases.

Automated summary

Metabolic syndrome is associated with chronic inflammation, with decreased antioxidant enzyme activities and elevated inflammatory markers in patients. Biomarkers such as IL-8, IL-23, IL-33 are positively correlated with triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels.