Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 24, Issue 26, Pages 21128-21137Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9696-8
Keywords
Hydroxyapatite; Potassiumdihydrogen phosphate; Simulated acid rain; Heavymetals; Phosphorus; Leaching; Chemical speciation
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Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFD030080104, 2016YFC0201605]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [41601340]
- Natural Science Foundation of Universities of Anhui Province [KJ2016A191]
- National Key Basic Research Program of China [2013CB934302]
- National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China [2015BAD05B01]
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Phosphate amendments have been used to immobilize heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, phosphate amendments contain large amounts of phosphorus, which could leach out to potentially contaminate groundwater and surface water. A laboratory column leaching experiment was designed to study the effects of simulated acid rain (SAR) on the potential release of copper (Cu), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and phosphorus (P), and their availability after immobilizing with hydroxyapatite (HAP) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (PDP). The application of HAP and PDP enhanced the leachate electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, and pH. Higher P was found in the PDP- (> 4.29 mg L-1) and HAP-treated (> 1.69 mg L-1) columns than that in untreated (< 0.2 mg L-1) columns, and they were both over the class V limit (0.4 mg L-1) mandated by the Chinese National Quality Standards for Surface Waters (GB 3838-2002). PDP application decreased the leachate Cu, Pb, and Cd effectively; however, HAP addition increased leachate Cu and Pb. HAP and PDP applications decreased the soil CaCl2-extractable and exchangeable fraction of Cu, Pb, and Cd, and increased resin P. However, eluviations transformed the heavy metals from inactive to active fractions and reduced soil labile P. These findings showed that HAP and PDP had a potential risk of excessive P-induced eutrophication. Meanwhile, more attention should be paid to the leaching loss of multiple metals because phosphate amendments might promote the leaching of some metals while immobilizing others.
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