Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
Volume 24, Issue 27, Pages 21960-21972Publisher
SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9844-1
Keywords
EDDS-enhanced soilwashing; Cu extraction yield; CSTR configuration; Multi-step washing; Side feeding configuration; Counter-current configuration
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Funding
- Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctorate Programme ETeCoS3 (Environmental Technologies for Contaminated Solids, Soils, and Sediments) [2010-0009]
- Mediterranean Office for Youth (MOY) [2010/038]
- Universite Franco-Italienne
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A comparison of Cu extraction yields for three different ethylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid (EDDS)-enhanced washing configurations was performed on a Cu-contaminated soil. Batch experiments were used to simulate a single-stage continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a multi-stage (side feeding and counter-current) reactor. Single-stage CSTR conditions were simulated for various EDDS:(Cu + Cd + Pb + Co + Ni + Zn) molar ratio (EDDS: M ratio) (from 1 to 30) and liquid to soil (L/S) ratio (from 15 to 45). The highest Cu extraction yield (similar or equal to 56%) was achieved with EDDS: M = 30. In contrast, a Cu extraction yield decrease was observed with increasing L/S ratio with highest extracted Cu achievement (similar or equal to 48%) for L/S = 15. Side feeding configuration was tested in four experimental conditions through different fractionation mode of EDDS dose and treatment time at each washing step. Results from the four tests showed all enhanced Cu extraction (maximum values from. 43 to similar or equal to 51%) achieved at lower treatment time and lower EDDS: M molar ratio compared to CSTR configuration with L/S = 25 and EDDS: M = 10. The counter-current washing was carried out through two washing flows achieving a process performance enhancement with 27% increase of extracted Cu compared to single-stage CSTR configuration. Higher Cu extraction percentage (36.8%) was observed in the first washing phase than in the second one (24.7%).
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