Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
IOP PUBLISHING LTD
DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa6cb4
Keywords
emissions; India; air pollution; carbon dioxide; inventories
Funding
- National Science Foundation [AGS-1350021]
- Max Planck Society (Germany) through Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany)
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (India)
- Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment Japan [S-7, S-12]
- National Science Foundation
- Div Atmospheric & Geospace Sciences
- Directorate For Geosciences [1350021] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
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Greenhouse gas and air pollutant precursor emissions have been increasing rapidly in India. Large uncertainties exist in emissions inventories and quantification of their uncertainties is essential for better understanding of the linkages among emissions and air quality, climate, and health. We use Monte Carlo methods to assess the uncertainties of the existing carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM) emission estimates from four source sectors for India. We also assess differences in the existing emissions estimates within the nine subnational regions. We find large uncertainties, higher than the current estimates for all species other than CO, when all the existing emissions estimates are combined. We further assess the impact of these differences in emissions on air quality using a chemical transport model. More efforts are needed to constrain emissions, especially in the Indo-Gangetic Plain, where not only the emissions differences are high but also the simulated concentrations using different inventories. Our study highlights the importance of constraining SO2, NOx, and NH3 emissions for secondary PM concentrations.
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