Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 231, Issue -, Pages 1497-1506Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.100
Keywords
Hexachlorobenzene; Chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides; Soils; Risk assessment; Campanian Plain
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Funding
- China Scholarship Council [201406410058]
- University of Naples Federico II
- Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca Scientifica [PON01_01966, 01/Ric, PON03PE_00107_1, 713/Ric]
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A systematic grid sampling method and geostatistics were employed to investigate the spatial distribution, inventory, and potential ecological and human health risks of the residues of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and chlorinated cyclodiene pesticides in soils of the Campanian Plain, Italy, and explore their relationship with the soils properties. The geometric mean (Gmean) concentrations of HCB and cyclodiene compounds followed the order CHLs (heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, trans-chlordane, and cis-chlordane) > DRINs (aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin) > SULPHs (alpha-endosulfan, (beta-endosulfan, and endosulfan sulfate) > HCB. The residual levels of most cyclodienes in agricultural soils were generally higher than those of corresponding counterparts in the other land uses. Significant differences in the concentration of HCB and cyclodienes in the soils across the region are observed, and the Acerra-Marigliano conurbation (AMC) and Sarno River Basin (SRB) areas exhibit particularly high residual concentrations. Some legacy cyclodienes in the Campanian Plain may be attributed to a secondary distribution. The Gmean inventory of HCB, SULPHs, CHLs, and DRINs in the soil is estimated to be 0.081, 0.41, 0.36, and 0.41 metric tons, respectively. The non-cancer and cancer risks of HCB and cyclodienes for exposed populations are deemed essentially negligible, however, endosulfan poses significant ecological risks to some terrestrial species. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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