Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
Volume 222, Issue -, Pages 609-616Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.092
Keywords
POPs; PAS-PUF; Seasonal variability; Urban and rural sites; Tuscany
Categories
Funding
- National Sustain ability Program of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports [LO1214]
- RECETOX research infrastructure [LM2015051]
- project Fondecyt [1161673]
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Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were measured for an entire year in the region of Tuscany, Italy. Passive air samplers consisting of polyurethane foam (PUF) disks were deployed over four sampling periods of 3-5 months from April 2008 to July 2009 in urban (n = 6) and rural (n = 4) sites. The aim of the study was to characterize the spatial and seasonal variations in selected POPs. The POP concentrations (pg m(-3)) in the air were dominated by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and metabolites (DDTs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (Sigma(7)PCBs). DDTs, and Sigma(7)PCBs showed a clear decreasing urban > rural gradient. The concentrations of DDTs and PCBs were up to 10 and 6 times higher, respectively, in urban sites than in rural sites. Sigma(7)PCBs showed a significant correlation with the urbanized areas located <5 km around the sampling sites. For hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), alpha-HCH concentrations were similar at both sampling sites and were found to be quite uniform during the four sampling periods. Seasonal fluctuations were observed for DDTs, and Sigma(7)PCBs, with the highest concentrations observed during period 4 (summer spring); this is most likely due to a temperature-driven re-emission from local sources. These findings were also supported by an air back trajectory analysis in the study area. This study contributes new information about POP levels in the Italian atmosphere and demonstrates the feasibility of using PUF disks to simultaneously assess seasonal concentrations at different sampling sites. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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